PATHOLOGY
The Department of Pathology at Priya Diagnostics is one of the largest and most modern laboratories in the city. The laboratory is equipped with state of art fully automated analyzers from leading equipment manufacturers like Roche, Siemens and Sysmex, which has reduced the human interference to minimum there by reducing the chances of error. Operated by a team of highly experienced, dedicated and sincere technical staff, our laboratory is committed to maintaining the highest standard of work and accuracy of reports. To achieve this, the laboratory is always vigilant and a rigid quality control system is followed.
The laboratory is never closed and works 7 days a week, 365 days a year, always welcoming the patient.
Haematology
Haematology tests are useful for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the blood and bone marrow as well as of the Immunologic, Hemostatic (blood clotting) and vascular systems. Because of the nature of blood, the Science of Haematology profoundly affects the understanding of many diseases. The following are the Haematology laboratory investigations done at PDC using fully automated Sysmax 1800i and with the help of other biochemistry analysers
| HB | PCV | RBC | TC | DC | Platelet Count |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESR | Peripheral Smear Study | Blood Group & Rh | MP/MF | Abs.Eosinophil count | Reticulocyte Count |
| Coombs Test | BT/CT | PT/APTT | Ferritin | Iron | TIBC |
The following are examples of some of the frequently tested Haematology parameters:
Complete Haemogram/CBC
The CBC is used as a broad screening test to check for disorders such as anaemia, infections and many other diseases. It is actually a set of tests that examines different components of blood.
When is a CBC done?
If a patient is having symptoms such as fatigue or weakness or has an infection, inflammation, bruising, or bleeding and clinically suspected by a physician for any disorders then a CBC is used to help diagnose the cause.
Coombs Test
Direct Coombs test is used to detect antibodies that are already bound to the surface of the red blood cells. These antibodies sometimes destroy red blood cells and cause anaemia. This test is performed to diagnose the cause of anaemia or jaundice in child born to Rh negative mother. The indirect test looks for unbound circulating antibodies against a series of standardized red blood cells. It is more often used to determine whether a person might have a reaction to blood transfusion or to the blood of the Rh-negative mother having Rh antibody.
Clinical Biochemistry
Clinical Biochemistry testes are useful for the study of the changes that occur during diseases in the chemical composition and Biochemical mechanism of the body. The following are the Clinical Biochemistry investigations done at PDC using fully automated Analyzers such as Randox: Daytona, Biokit – EQA, Medica – Easylyte Plus electrolyte analyzers, etc.
| Glucose | Urea | Creatinine | Uric Acid | Cholesterol | Triglycerides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipoprotein A | ALP | Bilirubin | SGPT | SGOT | Gamma GTP |
| Total Proteins | Albumin | Globulin | A/G Ratio | HBA1C | Sodium |
| Potassium | Chloride | Biocarbonate | Lithium | Calcium | Phosphorous |
The following are the examples of routine uses of clinical biochemistry investigations for diagnosis and treatment.
Glucose
The blood glucose test is ordered to measure the amount of glucose in the blood at the time of sample collection. It is mainly used to detect both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, to help detect/diagnose diabetes and to monitor glucose levels in people with diabetes. Blood glucose may be measured on a fasting basis (2nd sample collected after 90 mins and 3rd sample collected after 120 mins) randomly (anytime), post prandial (after a meal) and/or as part of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT/GTT). The following are the investigations related to monitoring blood glucose levels.
Kidney Function Test
There is a group of tests for assessing the excretory functions of the kidneys.
Lipid Profile Test
The lipid profile is a group of tests that are done to determine risk of coronary heart disease. They are known to be good indicators of whether someone is prone to have heart disease caused by blockage of blood vessels, hardening of the arteries etc.
Liver function Test
A liver function test is used to detect, evaluate and monitor liver diseases or liver damage.
Serology & Immunology
Serology and immunology tests are based on the antigen – antibody reaction in serum. It is a blood test to detect the presence of antigen or antibodies against a micro organism. Certain micro organisms stimulate the body to produce antibodies and also exhibit antigens during an active infection that can be used as a marker to diagnose past and active infections respectively. The Biochemical parameters such as hormones etc are being quantified based on antigen – antibodies reaction principles. Hence it is included in this section. The following are the serology/Immunology tests carried at PDC with fully automated Roche analyzer, rapid ELISA and other manual methods.
| Widal | VDRL | TPHA | HIV | CRP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASO | RA | ANA | Ab to ds DNA | Anti CCP |
| Leptospirosis | Dengue | Anti Sperm Ab | Others |
Serology & Immunology
Hormones are chemical substances produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs. These tests detect the presence and measure the quantity of specific hormone in health & disease.
| Total T3 | Total T4 | TSH | Free T3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Free T4 | LH | FSH | Prolactin |
| Progesterone | Free Testosterone | Total Testosterone | DHEASulphate |
| Insulin | HCG | Growth Hormone | Androstenedione |
| Cortisol | Estrodial | CEA | PSA |
| Homocystine |
Serology & Immunology
To diagnose and follow the course of a Hepatitis B or A or C infection and also to determine if the vaccine against hepatitis has produced the desired level of immunity, various tests are done at PDC.
| HBsAg | Anti HBs | Anti HBc Igm | Anti HAV-IgM |
|---|---|---|---|
| HbeAg | Anti Hbe | Anti HCV | Anti HAV – Total |
Torch
It is used to screen pregnant women and newborns for antibodies. They determine the presence of infectious diseases included in the set of tests. It is done if either the mother or the newborn has symptoms. The blood test can determine if the person has had a recent infection, a past infection, or has never been exposed to the virus.
| CMV IgG | HSV IgG | Rubella IgG | Toxoplasma IgG |
|---|---|---|---|
| HbeAg | Anti Hbe | Anti HCV | Anti HAV – Total |
Tumour Markers
Tumour markers are helpful for diagnosis of cancer.
| CA 125 | CEA | AFP |
|---|---|---|
| CA 15.3 | CA 19.9 | PSA |
Drugs
These tests are done at PDC to measure/monitor the amount of drug level present in the blood and determine whether the drug concentrations are within the therapeutic range.
| Carbamazepine | Phenytoin |
|---|---|
| Valporic Acid | Digoxin |
Microbiology
These tests are done at PDC to measure/monitor the amount of drug level present in the blood and determine whether the drug concentrations are within the therapeutic range.
| Urine | Blood | Sputum | Pus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stool | Swab | Others… |
Smears: It is done to determine the presence of Microbes in the biological specimen by appropriate staining and microscopic examination.
| Sputum | AFB | Slit smear for AFB |
|---|---|---|
| Hair root for fungus | Skin Scraping | Others.. |
Clinical Pathology
Urine Tests
These are done for providing information to assist in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of a wide range of diseases. In addition, it can be done to determine whether a woman is pregnant. Urine can also be tested for a variety of substances related to drug abuse.
| Routine Examination | Complete Examination | Pregnancy Test |
|---|---|---|
| Microalbumin | Bence Jones Protein | Protein/Creatinine |
| Sodium/K+ | Urea | Others….. |
Urine Tests
This test checks for parasites and Gastroenterological bleeding and excretion of undigested sugar & occult or hidden blood in stool.
| Routine Examination | Occult Blood | Reducing Substance |
|---|---|---|
Semen Analysis
It is done to determine whether a man might be infertile.
CSF analysis
This test is used to help diagnose a wide variety of diseases and conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS)
